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【完美干货】关于游戏特效的那些事

【完美干货】关于游戏特效的那些事

转自https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/84225576

相信大家在玩游戏中总会被里面形形色色的绚丽特效吸引,可能大多数人对特效的理解就是游戏里会发光的东西抑或是魔法,元素等幻想类的物件。

image.png

总之作为一个玩家,玩游戏的直觉感受就是特效是游戏里视觉冲击力最强的部份了。

行外看热闹,行内看门道,作为游戏特效师,我们要注意的可不仅仅就是炫不炫的问题了。游戏特效是游戏美术流水线的最后一个环节,是与程序对接最近的美术部份,在制作中很多效果的实现都对引擎功能有很强的依赖性,可以说特效是游戏美术中的技术c位(TA大佬可能已经拿出了板砖,容我解释下,TA给我的感觉更像是会美术的程序员,我还是更倾向把TA归类为程序员)。那么既然说特效是技术和艺术的结合点,那么具体技术部分和艺术部份分别包含哪些内容呢?

我们先来聊聊艺术部份,归根结底,游戏特效师是一个美术岗位,美术所占的比重自然会大一些,能否做出视觉上达标的特效是检验一个特效师是否合格的最重要标准!再其次才是特效是否达到功能需求,是否高效(说到这里,策划又要拿出板砖了,肯定会反驳我,你做的特效都不能用,还谈什么好看不好看,这里我要说的是,特效本身就是要在视觉上给游戏加分的存在,它的最本质的意义就是提升游戏美感,在美感达标的基础上进行一定的减法,最终达到和性能的妥协匹配才是正确的流程,如果你在制作时就在暗示自己,我做难看些是没办法的,我要节省,效率优先,那你艺术造诣基本就停滞了)。什么样的特效才是美呢,可能普通玩家的理解就是够炫,这里的炫可能就是光感了,光感够强就是炫,就是好特效,可能这是初衷吧,毕竟游戏做出来是给玩家玩,特效亦是给玩家看,玩家的体验感受才是第一位。特效师要表达光感在作品中,大概有两类办法,一类就是取巧的在贴图上制造光感,并且基于add叠加模式来模拟光,这样的好处就是节省高效,坏处也显而易见,自然就是效果差,光感生硬。在一类就是依赖后期处理,用后期算法来实现泛光,这样的好处自然就是光感通透自然,在视觉上是碾压前面一种方法的,坏处也是明显的,效率基本与美感永远是敌人。光感这个是最直观的感受,当然作为一个从业人员,从专业角度上分析特效的话,形式,配色,节奏是特效在视觉展示上最基本的三大面,形式就是就是设计,是圆是方,是点是线还是面,是吸收还是释放,是火属性,还是冰属性等等设计范畴的东西,配色就是颜色的表现,有没有明暗,虚实,渐变等等这个很吃艺术功底,其实上面说的光感,我觉得可以合并在配色里,前面的解释只是想由浅到深的让人理解下特效。节奏就是特效的动画部份,是急是缓,是发力还是泄力等等。

image.png

这里我只是略做解释,毕竟美术是共同的,原画,模型,ui,动作,特效里关于美的定义基本是一致的 。艺术造诣的提升也是艰难的,去赏析好作品,借鉴模仿,自己尝试研究新形式等等都能提升,实际的工作我觉得更多的增加熟练度,对于特效造诣的提升是很微弱的,所以工作以外的学习,研究是必不可少的,也是提升的最主要途径。最后当你到了一定阶段翻来覆去,提升甚微时,这里一条新路线可能会帮你突破瓶颈,那就是技术向学习。

推进这个社会进步的最大推力就是科技,在游戏领域亦时如此,是程序员的技术研究成就了我们游戏制作的顶层建筑,比如一些引擎,软件,插件等等,像3dmaxunityuehoudini等等,有了这些软件的出现,我们才有了能制作特效的机会,技术的力量是伟大的,值得敬畏,到了我们制作的领域,其实软件的学习使用并不能称为技术了,叫做技术应用更为合适,那我们特效身为美术岗位对于技术应用应该怎样对待呢,是敬而远之,还是细研深究,技术在特效的制作中比重到底有多大。精力有限,我们到底要把更多时间花在哪里。

近来一些游戏大作的特效出现了革新式的变化,特效不仅仅只是一段动画的播放了,而是包含了更多的属性,以一款新游《Spellbreak》为例,里面施放的魔法除了动画属性外附加了很多别的属性,比如释放的水龙卷碰到寒冰魔法就凝结成冰,不同属性的特效互相作用,产生出不可预期的效果。这就是特效的技术属性,当然这些功能目前看来更多是程序应该做的工作,但它却实质性的提升了特效的层次,亦属于特效的范畴。特效如果自身不懂这些,那特效的存在价值会越来越小。当然这只是特效在技术应用中的一个环节。

image.png

随着ue4的兴起,特效圈出现了一个高频词汇----材质系统(u3d里更多说shader),之后各大引擎都有了相应的插件,因为材质系统的出现给了特效师更多的设计空间,玩家对游戏画面的高期望,和手机性能的大幅度提升,让材质系统成为特效制作的新突破口,材质系统比较接近程序的制作思路,以数据处理为引线,来制作符合美术审美的视觉效果,这个听起来很神奇,既然是数据类东西,那么我们也归类为技术范畴,因为材质系统的开放,我们的特效出现了太多太多的新形式。

这些还只是技术的冰山一角,依赖一些插件,我们甚至可以经过几步简单操作来实现惊人的视觉效果。

说了技术和艺术在特效中的作用和意义,那么我们来权衡一下,首先我们是一个特效师,我们存在的意义是做出好特效,不管学技术还是学艺术都是为了做出达标的特效,还是要根据自身的优缺和项目人员配置来选择,我艺术上遭遇了瓶颈,可以学技术来补,技术学的太深,审美差,那就应该补补艺术造诣了。做个整体权衡总结的话,在游戏特效制作中艺术和技术的比重应该是6:4。

如果说TA是会美术的程序员,那特效就应该是会程序的美术。

文字图片来自完美世界同事:姜小伟

部分图片来源网络,如有侵权请联系删除

持续更新游戏美术干货,欢迎关注或私聊

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5.1 GEEEU incurs substantial costs in providing services to you and reserves the right to charge fees under its policies to cover website maintenance expenses.
5.2 Refunds
Due to the unique nature of download services, refunds will not be accepted once files are downloaded and stored on your device, except in cases where files are irreparably damaged. For unused download services, GEEEU accepts unconditional refund requests.
VI. Privacy Protection
6.1 Protecting user privacy is a fundamental policy of GEEEU. GEEEU will not disclose or provide individual user registration data or non-public content stored during service usage to third parties, except in the following circumstances:

6.1.1 Prior explicit consent from the user;
6.1.2 Legal or regulatory requirements;

6.1.3 Requests from government authorities;
6.1.4 To protect public interests;
6.2 GEEEU may collaborate with third parties to provide services. In such cases, if the third party agrees to assume privacy protection responsibilities equivalent to GEEEU’s, user registration data may be shared.
6.3 GEEEU may analyze and commercially utilize aggregated user databases without disclosing individual private data.
VII. Disclaimer
7.1 Users acknowledge that legal risks arising from using GEEEU’s services shall be borne by both parties as required by law.


7.2 GEEEU fulfills basic obligations under the law but disclaims liability for service interruptions or defects caused by force majeure or uncontrollable factors, to the extent permitted by law. Efforts will be made to mitigate user losses.
7.3 You agree that services may be interrupted or terminated due to force majeure—unforeseeable, unavoidable events such as network maintenance, system failures, power outages, strikes, natural disasters, wars, legal changes, or third-party actions. GEEEU will collaborate with relevant parties to resolve issues promptly but disclaims liability for resulting losses within legal limits.
7.4 To the extent permitted by law, GEEEU disclaims responsibility for service disruptions caused by:
(1) Computer viruses, malware, or hacker attacks;
(2) Software/hardware/communication failures on the user’s or GEEEU’s systems;



(3) User operational errors;
(4) Unauthorized use of services;
(5) Other uncontrollable or unforeseeable circumstances.
7.5 Unless explicitly stated in writing, GEEEU makes no express or implied warranties regarding the accuracy, completeness, or reliability of information, content, materials, products, or services on its platform.
VIII. Liability for Breach
8.1 If GEEEU violates applicable laws, regulations, or any terms of this Agreement, resulting in losses to users, GEEEU shall bear liability for corresponding damages.
8.2 Users agree to safeguard the interests of GEEEU and other users. If a user breaches laws, regulations, or this Agreement, causing harm to GEEEU or third parties, the user shall legally compensate for such damages.
IX. Notices
9.1 All notices from GEEEU to users under this Agreement may be delivered via website announcements, emails, or postal mail. Notices are deemed received on the date of transmission.
9.2 Notices from users to GEEEU must be sent to GEEEU’s officially published contact details (e.g., postal address, fax, email).
X. Governing Law
10.1 The execution, interpretation, and dispute resolution of this Agreement shall be governed by the laws of China and subject to the jurisdiction of Chinese courts.
10.2 Any disputes arising from this Agreement shall first be resolved through amicable negotiation. If unresolved, either party may file a lawsuit with the People’s Court where GEEEU is located.
XI. Miscellaneous

11.1 This Agreement constitutes the entire understanding between the parties, superseding all prior agreements, and grants no additional rights beyond those expressly stated herein.

11.2 If any provision of this Agreement is deemed invalid or unenforceable, the remaining provisions shall remain valid and binding.
11.3 Section headings are for convenience only and shall not affect interpretation.
11.4 Use download accounts responsibly. Accounts engaging in malicious scraping or unauthorized image downloads will be suspended. Contact customer service for inquiries.
11.5 GEEEU disclaims liability for losses caused by using software obtained from unauthorized third parties.
11.6 You acknowledge risks such as exposure to harmful, defamatory, or illegal content from anonymous users. Exercise caution and report violations to GEEEU or authorities. GEEEU conducts routine content reviews and addresses reports but disclaims responsibility for third-party content or damages.
11.7 [Severability] If any provision is invalidated, the remainder of the Agreement shall remain enforceable.
For questions or suggestions regarding this Agreement, contact GEEEU’s customer service during business hours.
Thank you for your careful review!


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