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3DCG如何打造沉浸式游戏世界?

从角色建模到爆炸特效,3DCG 艺术家如何打造沉浸式游戏世界?

转自https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/1936369136583291536

本系列翻译取自于Cygames(赛马娘、碧蓝幻想等游戏的开发和发行商)的工作百科栏目。这个栏目以一种务实又不失趣味的方式详细介绍了Cygames中各个岗位。虽然中日两国游戏行业在岗位名称和分工上有区别,但大体上是可以借鉴和学习的,对于有志于在游戏行业工作和发展的新人而言更是一个不错的了解行业的窗口。

※译注:国内称之为“美术”的岗位,海外常用Artist,直译为艺术家。

3DCG 艺术家的业务

游戏画面大致分为 2D 和 3D 两类。3DCG 艺术家,顾名思义,负责 3D 画面的制作。在 Cygames,2D 和 3D 的设计师团队是分开的,会根据所开发的游戏来配置设计师。3DCG 艺术家根据制作内容,分为以下职业:

角色艺术家

根据角色的 2D 插画制作 3D 多边形模型,并在其表面添加纹理(颜色和图案)。

动画师

为角色的 3DCG 模型添加动作(动画)。有手动添加动作的 “手动制作” 和拍摄真人动作的 “动作捕捉” 两种方式。

环境艺术家

制作环境(背景)。根据游戏的不同,有时全部用 3DCG 制作,有时也会结合 2D 和 3D。

特效艺术家

制作爆炸、魔法等特效(特殊效果)。由于特效需要添加动作,所以需要具备动画知识。

绑定艺术家

为模型加入关节(骨骼、关节),设置名为 “绑定” 的控制器。同时,还会进行 “蒙皮” 操作,使模型能随着动作变形。

灯光艺术家

设计如何为角色和背景建筑等打光,并进行灯光设置。

过场动画艺术家

制作游戏中作为影片播放的事件场景。确定相机角度,布置素材,制作一系列场景。

不过,并非完全分工明确,有时角色艺术家也会负责加入关节的工作,动画师也可能承担绑定工作。这部分会因制作的作品不同而有所变化。

顺便一提,Cygames 在推进 3DCG 游戏开发的过程中,在公司内部设立了动作捕捉工作室和摄影测量工作室。这些工作室在正在运营和开发的作品的动画及数据生成中发挥着重要作用。从构思到实现这些大规模设施仅用了约一年时间,这种速度可以说是 Cygames 的一大优势。

▲动作捕捉工作室

▲摄影测量工作室

角色制作流程与 3DCG 艺术家的角色

接下来,作为 3DCG 工作的一个例子,简单介绍一下角色模型的制作流程。

  • 角色原案:首先,策划和剧本负责人制作角色原案。在这个阶段,主要用文字设定 “具有这样特征的这样一个角色……”。
  • 2D 插画制作:插画师根据角色原案绘制 2D 的概念插画。在《碧蓝幻想》《公主连结!Re:Dive》等 2D 游戏中,常将这种 2D 插画作为最终的形象。概念插画完成后,会绘制该角色的两面图(正面、侧面)或三面图(正面、侧面、背面)。
  • 角色建模:从这里开始就是 3DCG 艺术家的工作了。角色艺术家以两面图、三面图为样本,使用 3DCG 软件制作 3D 模型。用名为多边形的多边形构建模型的立体形状,并在多边形表面贴上纹理,以表现颜色和质感。有时也会没有两面图 / 三面图,直接从概念插画制作 3D 模型,但有这些图能更高效地工作。

▲正在锐意开发的游戏《Project Awakening》的 3D 模型制作画面

  • 绑定:绑定艺术家为 3DCG 模型设置具有骨骼结构的 “骨骼”,确定关节的弯曲方向和活动范围。同时,调整模型,使骨骼弯曲时模型能漂亮地变形。例如,在人类肘部关节弯曲的动作中,肘部内侧的皮肤会收缩,外侧的皮肤会伸展。在 3DCG 模型中设置这种表面伸缩(变形)的工作称为 “蒙皮”。之后,制作能联动多个骨骼添加动作的控制器(绑定)。

▲《Project Awakening》的绑定中画面

动画:让经过角色建模、绑定的模型动起来,制作动画。例如,表现走路、跳舞、击打等动作。动画制作有 “手动制作” 和 “动作捕捉” 两种方法。游戏的动画大多是手动制作的,但对于写真写实风格的内容,多采用动作捕捉的方法。

▲《Project Awakening》的动作制作中画面

特效:由特效艺术家负责设置角色做出特定动作时产生的特殊效果(特效)。例如,用 3DCG 表现物理攻击时武器的轨迹、使用火属性魔法时产生的火花和火焰等视觉效果。到添加这个特效为止,都是 3DCG 艺术家的工作。

▲《Project Awakening》的特效制作中画面

SE(音效):声音负责人根据角色的各种动作设置音效。为角色的各种声音添加音效,如跑步、跳跃等动作的声音、受伤时的呻吟声、发动技能时与特效配合的声音等。

3DCG 工作的乐趣和妙处,在于能直观地感受到 “正在创造游戏世界”。看到自己创造的世界中,角色四处活动,施展帅气的动作和必杀技,会让人感到愉悦。当这些传递到用户手中,并得到好评时,会有巨大的成就感。

尽管 3DCG 的需求不断增加,未来 2D 与 3D 仍将并存

接下来,我们想从更宏观的角度思考一下游戏画面的整体情况。在游戏中,3DCG 被理所当然地使用已经有很长时间了,但回顾游戏的历史,2D 游戏先出现,之后随着技术革新,3D 才被引入。游戏资历较深的人应该能强烈感受到这种变化。

看到这样的趋势,可能很多人认为所有游戏的画面最终都会变成 3D。但是,我们认为 2D 游戏不会消失。在家用游戏机领域,现在也有 2D 作品发布,并且拥有一定的人气。无论今后硬件性能如何提升,2D 和 3D 游戏都将并存。

2D 和 3D 各有优点,根据 “想要表达什么” 来选择

那么,如何区分使用 2D 和 3D 呢?决定用 2D 还是 3D,最大的因素还是策划的内容。在考虑游戏的方向和风格时,如果认为用 2D 表现更好,就用 2D 开发;如果判断 3D 更合适,就采用 3D。实际上,Cygames 也在开发 2D 和 3D 两种类型的作品。其根本是 “追求游戏的趣味性”,而实现这一目标的画面可能是 2D,也可能是 3D。

此外,即使是使用 3D 的作品,有的从角色到背景全部用 3D 绘制,也有的将背景等部分画面用 2D 绘制,再与 3D 角色组合。从手法上来说,3D 和 2D 结合的方式由来已久,全 3D 则是较新的方式,但这并不意味着今后所有游戏都会转向全 3D。这也是因为,如前所述,根据游戏的方向,最佳的表现手法会有所不同。

2D 和 3D 各有各的优点,很难一概而论说某种游戏适合 3D。但是,确实有适合 3D 的类型。例如,第一人称和第三人称射击游戏,或者飞行模拟游戏、赛车游戏等,玩家在模仿现实世界的有深度的空间中穿梭的游戏就是典型例子。3D 擅长通过自由改变相机角度和灯光来增强临场感和沉浸感,所以在立体空间中享受游戏的类型,用 3D 更合适。

对开发效率和成本也有影响 能发挥 3DCG 优势的游戏

此外,利用为游戏制作的角色等素材容易制作其他内容,也是 3DCG 的优点。例如,使用游戏中使用的角色模型制作 VR 内容,3DCG 相对容易实现。一旦制作完成,应用范围广,能以较少的功夫进行多方面拓展,这可以说是 3DCG 的优势。

相反,3DCG 化也会带来一些问题。例如,在开放世界游戏中,从游戏乐趣的角度来说,地图越大越好。但是,用 3DCG 真实地表现广阔的世界,可能会产生角色移动距离变长、变化较少的场景比例增加等负面影响。因此,如果过于执着于 3DCG,反而可能给用户带来压力,所以并不是所有东西都用 3DCG 制作就是最好的。

3DCG 艺术家所需的技能与素质

造型能力

这是作为 3DCG 艺术家最重要的技能之一。3D 和 2D 插画的一大区别在于,3D 在造型方面无法弄虚作假。2D 插画最优先考虑所绘制画面的美观,现实中不可能存在的表现也被允许,有时这还会成为其魅力所在。而 3D 则必须塑造得从任何角度看都没有破绽,否则会让人感到不协调。3D 也会进行变形,但需要作为立体结构进行没有破绽的变形。因此,始终从立体角度看待事物,理解人体和物体的结构非常重要。

审美能力

能够进行合理的造型很重要,但这还不够。特别是角色建模师,还需要具备表现角色魅力的技能。例如,原案中设定为 “可爱” 的角色,2D 插画也画得很可爱,但直接将插画 3D 化后,有时却不可爱。在 3D 化时能够按照设想进行表现,可以说是一项重要的技能。

沟通能力

游戏开发依靠团队合作。艺术家并非只要画画就可以,还需要根据需要与其他部门协作。例如,如果有 “希望开发能表现出头发的光泽和顺滑感的着色器” 这样的需求,就需要向工程师求助,让他们实现这个功能。而要调动其他部门的人,就需要能够进行协商和交涉等的关系。需要具备能够传达并让对方理解 “我想要这样的表现,这样能让内容变得更有趣” 的沟通能力。很多游戏仅靠艺术家的力量是无法实现的。

适应能力

3DCG 的世界日新月异。由于技术和工具的趋势时刻在变化,所以保持捕捉最新动态并加以采用的上进心很重要。现在被视为行业标准的软件,几年后很可能被新兴软件取代。熟练使用一种软件很重要,但过于依赖会有无法适应新变化的风险。即使那种软件不能用了,也能适应的能力更为重要。

此外,不仅是 3DCG 艺术家,任何职业都需要具备在截止日期前完成所分配和要求的工作的执行能力。可能有人会从 “艺术家” 这个称呼联想到有艺术气质、执着的人,但实际上,作为产品制作的商业素养更为重要。执着也很重要,但在可用工时有限的情况下,理想的是能够意识到为在适当的时机向用户提供内容而制定的日程和质量标准的人。

3DCG 艺术家的职业道路

在 Cygames,艺术家的职业道路大致有两种。一种是向管理岗位发展,另一种是成为在艺术家技能上精益求精的专家。管理类职业需要在领队、副经理、经理等岗位上,具备管理现场艺术家、进行进度管理和人员配置等管理能力。

专家需要熟练运用制作工具,将技术提升到他人无法模仿的水平。专家之后的职业道路,还可以成为决定作品整体视觉概念和方向的艺术总监。

另外,3DCG 艺术家团队整体希望构建能够着眼未来、研究和验证新技术的体制。

原文:【サイゲームス仕事百科】3DCGアーティストの仕事とは? | Cygames Magazine(サイマガ)

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3.5.4 VIP privileges, recharge records, and benefits cannot be transferred, gifted, sold, or shared between accounts—even if owned by the same individual. Exercise caution during logins, recharges, or promotions to avoid losses, which shall be solely borne by the user.
3.5.5 No refunds will be issued for voluntarily canceled memberships, terminated accounts, or revoked VIP status per GEEEU’s published policies.
3.5.6 For membership-related inquiries, contact GEEEU’s customer service via official channels.
IV. GEEEU Services & Guidelines
4.1 GEEEU Services
GEEEU Digital Technology ("GEEEU") provides the following services (collectively, the "GEEEU Services"):
1.GEEEU Website Services; 2.VIP Membership Services (paid subscription services). For fee-based services, GEEEU will provide clear notice prior to use. Access is granted only upon user confirmation of payment. GEEEU reserves the right to deny services if payment is refused. 3.Content Upload Services (e.g., sharing images, documents); 4.Search Services; 5.Download Services; 6.Other Technical Services.
4.2 Service Guidelines
4.2.1 Content Responsibility
You may upload, publish, or transmit content (including text, software, graphics, audio, video, links, etc.) through GEEEU Services, but you assume full legal responsibility for such content. This includes all information submitted via your account (e.g., icons, account details).
4.2.2 Intellectual Property
Unless proven otherwise, you are deemed the copyright owner of content uploaded to GEEEU. You warrant full ownership or legal authorization (including copyright, portrait rights, property rights) for all uploaded materials. Content must not infringe third-party rights (e.g., patents, trademarks, privacy). Violations may result in service termination, account suspension, or liability for damages.
4.2.3 License Grant
By using GEEEU Services, you grant GEEEU a perpetual, irrevocable, royalty-free license to store, use, reproduce, adapt, distribute, and commercially exploit your content globally. This includes rights to: Modify, translate, or create derivative works; Integrate content into other media/technologies; Promote content across devices (e.g., mobile, TV, IoT); Sub-license to third parties; Enforce intellectual property rights. You agree to comply with PRC laws, including the Cybersecurity Law, Copyright Law, and Regulations on Internet Information Services. GEEEU may terminate services immediately if violations are suspected.
4.3 Service Modifications, Interruptions, or Termination
4.3.1 General Terms
Due to the nature of internet services, GEEEU may alter, suspend, or terminate services (including paid services) without liability. For paid services, prior notice will be provided.
4.3.2 Maintenance
GEEEU may perform platform maintenance, causing temporary service interruptions. No liability applies for reasonable downtime, though advance notice will be given where feasible.


4.3.3 Termination Grounds
GEEEU may terminate services without liability if you:
1) Provide false information;
2) Violate this Agreement;
3) Fail to pay fees;
4) Engage in cyberattacks, data theft, or network interference;
5) Develop/distribute hacking tools;
6) Aid illegal activities (e.g., unauthorized system access);
7) Probe/exploit platform vulnerabilities;
8) Disrupt services via malware or spam;
9) Spoof network protocols;
10) Reverse-engineer platform code;
11) Violate laws or GEEEU policies.
4.4 Additional Guidelines
Data Sharing: You authorize GEEEU to share registration/usage data with affiliates for service integration.
Content Liability: GEEEU disclaims responsibility for third-party content accuracy, safety, or legality. Use at your own risk.
Advertising: You consent to receive promotional messages via email, SMS, or in-platform notices. Opt-out options are available.
4.5 Usage Rules
4.5 When using GEEEU’s network services, users must adhere to the following principles:
4.5.1 Comply with all applicable laws and regulations of China.
4.5.2 Follow all network protocols, rules, and procedures related to GEEEU’s services.
4.5.3 Do not use the service system for any illegal purpose.
4.5.4 Do not engage in any activity that may disrupt the normal operation of the internet through GEEEU’s services.
4.5.5 Do not upload, display, or disseminate false, harassing, defamatory, abusive, threatening, vulgar, obscene, or otherwise unlawful information.
4.5.6 Do not infringe upon the patent rights, copyrights, trademarks, reputation rights, portrait rights, privacy rights, property rights, or any other legitimate rights and interests of third parties.
4.5.7 Do not use GEEEU’s network services to engage in any activity detrimental to GEEEU.
4.5.8 Immediately notify GEEEU upon discovering any unauthorized use of your account or security vulnerabilities.
4.5.9 Users downloading works from GEEEU must use them strictly within the scope of authorized licenses. Without written permission from the copyright owner or GEEEU, works are limited to personal study and exchange. Users shall not, and shall not permit or assist others, to use, rent, lend, distribute, display, copy, modify, link, reprint, compile, publish, capture, monitor, reference, or create derivative works through any means (including but not limited to bots, spiders, screenshot tools, etc.), and must comply with the Copyright Law and other relevant regulations.
4.5.10 Do not produce, publish, reproduce, access, disseminate, store, or link to the following information:
(1) Content opposing the fundamental principles established by the Constitution;
(2) Content endangering national security or disclosing state secrets;
(3) Content inciting subversion of state power, overthrowing the socialist system, or undermining national unity;
(4) Content harming national honor and interests;
(5) Content promoting terrorism or extremism;
(6) Content inciting ethnic hatred, discrimination, or undermining ethnic unity;
(7) Content inciting regional discrimination or hatred;
(8) Content violating national religious policies or promoting cults and superstitions;
(9) Fabricated or false information that disrupts economic/social order or social stability;
(10) Content disseminating violence, obscenity, pornography, gambling, murder, terror, or criminal incitement;
(11) Content infringing on minors’ rights or harming their physical/mental health;
(12) Unauthorized photography/recording infringing others’ lawful rights;
(13) Content containing terror, violence, high-risk activities, or endangering performers’/others’ health;
(14) Activities harming cybersecurity or exploiting the internet to endanger national security, honor, or interests;
(15) Content defaming or slandering others, infringing lawful rights;
(16) Violent threats, intimidation, or doxxing (unauthorized personal information searches);
(17) Content involving others’ privacy, personal information, or data;
(18) Vulgar language undermining social morality or public order;
(19) Content infringing others’ privacy, reputation,肖像权 (portrait rights), intellectual property, trade secrets, etc.;
(20) Unauthorized use of the service to promote third-party advertisements (including embedded links or ads);
(21) Excessive marketing, spam, harassing messages, vulgar content, or unsolicited ads;
(22) Content created, uploaded, or disseminated in languages other than the platform’s primary language(s);
(23) Content irrelevant to the posted material, comments, or messages;
(24) Meaningless content or intentionally obfuscated text to evade technical review;
(25) Any other information violating laws, policies, public order, or infringing user/third-party rights.
4.5.11 Do not reproduce or use unauthorized files from the internet. Without explicit consent from copyright holders, do not crack, distribute, download, or reproduce copyrighted software or engage in other intellectual property infringements.
4.5.12 Do not engage in activities jeopardizing computer network security, including:
Cracking, damaging, deleting, or modifying network services, hardware, or software;
Altering data or applications stored/transmitted in computer networks;
Using software/hardware to steal passwords or illegally access others’ computer systems;
Creating or spreading computer viruses or other destructive programs;
Any other activities harming computer network security.
4.6 You understand and agree that, to enhance service quality, GEEEU or its authorized third-party partners/advertisers may send promotional information (e.g., product ads, discounts) to your registered mobile number or email. The methods and scope may change without prior notice. If you wish to opt out, follow GEEEU’s provided unsubscribe procedures.
V. Fees
5.1 GEEEU incurs substantial costs in providing services to you and reserves the right to charge fees under its policies to cover website maintenance expenses.
5.2 Refunds
Due to the unique nature of download services, refunds will not be accepted once files are downloaded and stored on your device, except in cases where files are irreparably damaged. For unused download services, GEEEU accepts unconditional refund requests.
VI. Privacy Protection
6.1 Protecting user privacy is a fundamental policy of GEEEU. GEEEU will not disclose or provide individual user registration data or non-public content stored during service usage to third parties, except in the following circumstances:

6.1.1 Prior explicit consent from the user;
6.1.2 Legal or regulatory requirements;

6.1.3 Requests from government authorities;
6.1.4 To protect public interests;
6.2 GEEEU may collaborate with third parties to provide services. In such cases, if the third party agrees to assume privacy protection responsibilities equivalent to GEEEU’s, user registration data may be shared.
6.3 GEEEU may analyze and commercially utilize aggregated user databases without disclosing individual private data.
VII. Disclaimer
7.1 Users acknowledge that legal risks arising from using GEEEU’s services shall be borne by both parties as required by law.


7.2 GEEEU fulfills basic obligations under the law but disclaims liability for service interruptions or defects caused by force majeure or uncontrollable factors, to the extent permitted by law. Efforts will be made to mitigate user losses.
7.3 You agree that services may be interrupted or terminated due to force majeure—unforeseeable, unavoidable events such as network maintenance, system failures, power outages, strikes, natural disasters, wars, legal changes, or third-party actions. GEEEU will collaborate with relevant parties to resolve issues promptly but disclaims liability for resulting losses within legal limits.
7.4 To the extent permitted by law, GEEEU disclaims responsibility for service disruptions caused by:
(1) Computer viruses, malware, or hacker attacks;
(2) Software/hardware/communication failures on the user’s or GEEEU’s systems;



(3) User operational errors;
(4) Unauthorized use of services;
(5) Other uncontrollable or unforeseeable circumstances.
7.5 Unless explicitly stated in writing, GEEEU makes no express or implied warranties regarding the accuracy, completeness, or reliability of information, content, materials, products, or services on its platform.
VIII. Liability for Breach
8.1 If GEEEU violates applicable laws, regulations, or any terms of this Agreement, resulting in losses to users, GEEEU shall bear liability for corresponding damages.
8.2 Users agree to safeguard the interests of GEEEU and other users. If a user breaches laws, regulations, or this Agreement, causing harm to GEEEU or third parties, the user shall legally compensate for such damages.
IX. Notices
9.1 All notices from GEEEU to users under this Agreement may be delivered via website announcements, emails, or postal mail. Notices are deemed received on the date of transmission.
9.2 Notices from users to GEEEU must be sent to GEEEU’s officially published contact details (e.g., postal address, fax, email).
X. Governing Law
10.1 The execution, interpretation, and dispute resolution of this Agreement shall be governed by the laws of China and subject to the jurisdiction of Chinese courts.
10.2 Any disputes arising from this Agreement shall first be resolved through amicable negotiation. If unresolved, either party may file a lawsuit with the People’s Court where GEEEU is located.
XI. Miscellaneous

11.1 This Agreement constitutes the entire understanding between the parties, superseding all prior agreements, and grants no additional rights beyond those expressly stated herein.

11.2 If any provision of this Agreement is deemed invalid or unenforceable, the remaining provisions shall remain valid and binding.
11.3 Section headings are for convenience only and shall not affect interpretation.
11.4 Use download accounts responsibly. Accounts engaging in malicious scraping or unauthorized image downloads will be suspended. Contact customer service for inquiries.
11.5 GEEEU disclaims liability for losses caused by using software obtained from unauthorized third parties.
11.6 You acknowledge risks such as exposure to harmful, defamatory, or illegal content from anonymous users. Exercise caution and report violations to GEEEU or authorities. GEEEU conducts routine content reviews and addresses reports but disclaims responsibility for third-party content or damages.
11.7 [Severability] If any provision is invalidated, the remainder of the Agreement shall remain enforceable.
For questions or suggestions regarding this Agreement, contact GEEEU’s customer service during business hours.
Thank you for your careful review!


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