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游戏特效应怎样避免延期

游戏特效应怎样避免延期,提升开发效率?

转自https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/11625408161

作者 | 86
雷火艺术中心游戏特效师

游戏特效作为游戏美术管线最后置的环节,常常面临着延期的挑战。因为前置任何一个环节如果出现延期,那就会出现连锁反应,导致留给特效师的时间被大大压缩。

那么,作为游戏特效师应怎样去避免这种情况呢?在游戏开发的各个阶段,游戏特效应该如何深度参与,去提升开发效率?这次我们以《永劫无间》战斗特效的制作过程为例,为大家梳理一下开发流程、多部门沟通协作的时间节点管理、以及制作中需要注意的细节要点,希望可以帮到大家。

特效制作流程概览

上图为《永劫无间》特效制作的大致流程,是由前期拿到需求,到最后制作完成上线的一整套流程。

《永劫》项目始终保持着较高的内容更新频率,也一直没有降低过品质方面的要求。而特效作为非常重要的一个视觉表达重点环节,一直都很受重视,外加处于开发流程的最后一步,需要更多时间进游戏进行测试调整,所以特效的开发时间往往都面临着比较大的挑战。因此我们在制作流程上也做出了一些调整,尽可能地可以提早介入,与多部门同步协作,以最大化地利用好时间。

需求沟通

在开始制作之前,我们最早拿到的是策划提出的需求,这也是决定我们接下来准备做什么的最主要依据。

作为特效开始的第一步,我们需要清楚地了解所需要制作的内容,避免一开始就有方向性的偏差。同时如果有任何疑问的话,在制作开始前都尽量提前和策划确认清楚,避免双方因认知误差带来制作风险。

具体来说:

  • 思考需求的合理性和落地性

对于策划所提的需求,以美术角度去分析是否合理,比如特效范围是否过大,同等级别特效是否差异过大,或者特效偏离主题设计等等。

相信各位特效同学或多或少都遇到过类似一上来就要“100米长的大砍刀”、“0.5秒的时间要表达出故事感”,或者“百米冲刺时要看清楚衣服的花纹”这样的需求——其实这些需求并不是完全做不出来,但就拿超大范围的效果举例,它在性能上必然会消耗很大,为了兼顾性能最后就算做出来也会损失美术的表现力,与游戏整体的美术水平不符。

总之在遇到自己感觉不合理的需求时,要第一时间沟通,以避免后续策划方案修改带来的时间风险。

另外我们也要提前构思特效效果,以及确认目前的技术手段是否支持制作。如果发现制作方面的问题,要提前与程序、TA讨论规划加入新的材质或程序逻辑等支持。

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  • 特征元素与特效颜色

这部分一般和设计什么样的特效有很大关系,所以最好也是提前可以确定好,避免后期修改。

  • 环境背景

这个主要还是PVP和PVE的区别。PVP里场景的光影变化比较频繁,不确定性比较高,所以制作上来讲会尽量去满足不同背景下的需求。

而PVE里的BOSS一般都有固定的战斗区域,相对来说特效效果会更容易把控一些。

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  • 打击范围、位移速度与距离

它们一般会和制作资源量上有一些关系。范围比较大或比较长的时候,会考虑减资源减效果来平衡资源上的消耗。

另外战斗过程中,玩家也会对技能是不是打到人比较在意,甚至会录屏下来逐帧分析,所以特效和打击盒的匹配也要尽量精确。

  • 技能释放频率

这个之前出过一次比较典型的问题,我们做了一个爆点特效,但是策划在配置中配了七八个,导致实机里一播这个爆点资源就爆炸。所以提前确认清楚释放的频率,可以针对性地增减资源量。如果遇到这种比较极端的情况,就做功能去限制特效播放次数或时间延迟,来规避这种风险。

  • 特效强度

一般来说,在游戏里特效强度是这么排的:大招奥义>技能>武器招式。

这个比较好理解,我们需要在整个游戏中对特效的强度做一个分级,以拉开不同特效间的对比关系。同时,看需求要做到什么样的程度,尽可能克制,拉开常规特效与重点表现特效的视觉对比。

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  • 敌方特效判定

主要是改变特效颜色为玫红色,所以正常做技能的时候避免颜色太像就行。

  • 中途打断机制

这个在《永劫》里比较常见,因为动作大多都是切分开的,玩家随时可以切换打断,所以特效在制作中也会常用到Fadein-idle - Fadeout的制作方式。

  • BUFF叠加

这是需要注意的一个点。目前在《永劫》里,BUFF的表现主要是依靠特效来实现的,而特效大多是出现在头顶或者周身的位置。但是随着游戏里的BUFF越来越多,玩家可能会同时获取很多BUFF,这就会让特效互相叠加,造成视野遮挡、美观和资源性能的问题,所以要多注意。

如果大家的项目和《永劫》类似,那新BUFF在能不加的情况下就尽量不加,或者可以换个表现形式,如以UI的方式设计在战斗中合理的位置,去实现提示的功能。

参考收集

在弄需求清楚之后,就到该考虑做什么的时候了。参考搜集这个相信大家都有自己的方法,而上图是我自己习惯的参考搜集的优先级。

同时分享一个观点:无论做什么样的需求,就算再容易,也一定要去找找参考,看得多了总能发现自己以前没注意到的内容,同时这也算是自身设计能力提升最重要的一个途径。

特效前期设定

以英雄特效设定为例,我们首先需要了解英雄的故事背景,根据人物性格、技能属性、特征元素、主体色调等方面做延伸,提炼出该英雄给人的标签印象,以找到合适的方向作为特效的设定方向。

同时加强英雄的辨识度,利于玩家在竞技过程中能够快速识别判断,并且在设计过程中,结合参考以提升特效设计的视觉效果。

功能逻辑

上图是功能逻辑的沟通顺序。作为特效师,我们首先自己要了解需要做的内容是什么,有参考的同时知道自己想要做什么,然后结合目前的功能机制,确认是否可以在游戏里跑通,思考功能机制材质这些是不是支持。如果有需要的话提前与程序和TA沟通,预判一些问题,可以提前展开讨论,制定排期时间。

美术同步

美术同步基本是和功能逻辑部分同步进行的,主要是在制作前期,把能够和其他部门协作的问题都提前同步好,方便大家讨论制作,避免盲目制作中遇到问题打乱整体节奏。当然,制作过程中势必会有一些前期想不到的问题,我这里主要说的是提前处理一些可预见的问题,也能为之后预留出解决新问题的时间。

上图中所罗列的是部分在与其他美术环节同步时的注意事项,仅为参考,各项目之间也会有所差异。

前期预研

到前期预研这一步,我们才真正开始具体制作的环节。实际上这时候可能模型都还在制作阶段,后边的绑定动作还没开始,这里是把制作时间提前了,这样与前置环节充分沟通后,大家能在同一时间开始制作,节省时间。

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在这一步需要注意的事情有:

1、研究特效设计中所需要的特征元素,为之后的铺量环节提前做一些资源积累,保证后期其他特效同学可以拿到资源快速出效果,并且多人同时制作特效的风格上也会更稳定,同时模块化的元素可以快速匹配、快速迭代,应对不确定性因素。

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2、特效在出现、消失、中途打断、特殊制作方式等问题上,先快速跑通制作流程,确保在后期制作时没有额外的问题导致影响特效的设计或者制作上的时间。

3、同时思考制作相对复杂的特效设计。但目前只是先做一个大概,不做细化,毕竟后边必然会有需求修改、元素迭代、动作匹配的一系列问题,为避免过多制作细节但用不上从而浪费时间,所以这里只做到50%点到为止即可。

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快速铺量

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1、与策划同步协作,建立测试环境,在动作有了基础版本后,快速把现有资源调进游戏里测试,初步测试以确定后续的制作方向。有配置问题或者是设计方面的问题,第一时间发现,留一个充足的修改迭代时间。

2、编辑模式下与实际游戏环境差别较大,感官上也是不一样的,同时游戏内的不确定性比较高,手感、运动时的撞墙和贴地、主被动打断、重力下坠、比例关系等等这些因素也需要在游戏里测试才能得到一个比较好的反馈感受,从而对之后的特效设计有指导作用。

3、提前预知工作量,提前规划所做内容。在时间紧张的情况下,快速排好优先级顺序。在基础资源都有的情况下,优先解决更重要的问题。首先要保证的是特效的下限,在游戏中看起来合适是重点。如果还留有时间,再去思考提高上限的特效设计。

4、在预研阶段,我们的设计目的性会稍微偏弱,以适应脑海里所想的各种情况为主。而在测试阶段,可以直观地发现预研时所做的内容合并在一起后的强弱关系对比。此时一般都会稍显混乱,这时候也需要考虑对组合元素做分配,把次要元素的强度减弱来凸显核心元素。

测试调整

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在快速铺量的阶段,其实测试就已经开始了。在测试中需要多注意以下方面内容:

  1. 资源量的消耗,尤其是overdrow的层数尽量能够优化,避免到最后为了优化而过度减少美术效果;
  2. 第一人称视角的比例和遮挡问题;
  3. 受击状态下的视野遮挡问题,和旁观者视野的特效表现力;
  4. 运动位移、浮空等情况下特效是否显示正常;
  5. 手感方面是否得到有效反馈;
  6. 打击盒范围是否有明确标识,是否匹配;
  7. 特效坐标系及敌我判定的设置是否正确;
  8. 不同天气下是否显示正确(尤其夜晚),和不同后期风格化滤镜下的表现是否正确;
  9. 材质表现与特效是否搭配;
  10. 与其他小伙伴一起制作,注意风格元素和颜色等不要差别过大。

音频同步

在特效有了大致框架的情况下,后续不会大幅修改,提前与音频同步时间周期,为下游环节节省时间。

特效细化

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根据测试反馈逐步调整,注意技能衔接流畅度和出现打断消失的细节处理,以及视野遮挡、特效穿插等细节方面的问题。

资源检查

特效细化结束后,重点需要关注性能方面的问题。虽然在制作过程中也会时刻关注,但在最后还是要整体再检查一遍。

上图中大致罗列了部分优化的注意事项,其实还有很多相关的细节这里不做过多的赘述,每个项目都是有差异的,还是以实际情况为主。

QA协作

最后,等所有资源检查上传完成后,QA会在游戏里去实际测试,遇到问题后会反馈并去修正。同时也要注意,如果因为上游环节改动或者特效设计本身改动导致的修改,一定要提前和QA沟通好,避免影响QA的工作

结语

以上便是个人在特效制作环节所总结的一些心得体会,大家可以根据自身项目的特点和习惯去改进特效制作的工作流,希望能够给各位同学一些参考,感谢!

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You must promptly update your information. Where laws mandate user verification, GEEEU may periodically audit your details, and you shall cooperate by providing current, truthful, and complete documentation.

Failure to respond to GEEEU’s outreach using your last-provided information, delayed updates, or submission of false data will render you liable for all resulting losses (to yourself, third parties, or GEEEU).
3.4 Account Security Obligations
You are solely responsible for safeguarding your account. Always log out securely after each session. Losses from voluntary credential disclosure, hacking, or fraud are borne entirely by you.
Accounts are strictly personal. Unauthorized sharing is prohibited. Immediately notify GEEEU of any unauthorized access; otherwise, such activities will be deemed your own actions, incurring full liability.
You assume full responsibility for all account activities (e.g., signing agreements, posting content, purchases) unless caused by GEEEU’s proven negligence. Report suspected breaches promptly. GEEEU shall act on such reports within a reasonable timeframe but disclaims liability for pre-action consequences absent gross negligence.
3.5 Account Independence
3.5.1 A single entity’s QQ and WeChat accounts are treated as separate accounts when logging into GEEEU VIP services.
3.5.2 Multiple QQ accounts under one entity are recognized as distinct accounts.
3.5.3 Multiple WeChat accounts under one entity are recognized as distinct accounts.
3.5.4 VIP privileges, recharge records, and benefits cannot be transferred, gifted, sold, or shared between accounts—even if owned by the same individual. Exercise caution during logins, recharges, or promotions to avoid losses, which shall be solely borne by the user.
3.5.5 No refunds will be issued for voluntarily canceled memberships, terminated accounts, or revoked VIP status per GEEEU’s published policies.
3.5.6 For membership-related inquiries, contact GEEEU’s customer service via official channels.
IV. GEEEU Services & Guidelines
4.1 GEEEU Services
GEEEU Digital Technology ("GEEEU") provides the following services (collectively, the "GEEEU Services"):
1.GEEEU Website Services; 2.VIP Membership Services (paid subscription services). For fee-based services, GEEEU will provide clear notice prior to use. Access is granted only upon user confirmation of payment. GEEEU reserves the right to deny services if payment is refused. 3.Content Upload Services (e.g., sharing images, documents); 4.Search Services; 5.Download Services; 6.Other Technical Services.
4.2 Service Guidelines
4.2.1 Content Responsibility
You may upload, publish, or transmit content (including text, software, graphics, audio, video, links, etc.) through GEEEU Services, but you assume full legal responsibility for such content. This includes all information submitted via your account (e.g., icons, account details).
4.2.2 Intellectual Property
Unless proven otherwise, you are deemed the copyright owner of content uploaded to GEEEU. You warrant full ownership or legal authorization (including copyright, portrait rights, property rights) for all uploaded materials. Content must not infringe third-party rights (e.g., patents, trademarks, privacy). Violations may result in service termination, account suspension, or liability for damages.
4.2.3 License Grant
By using GEEEU Services, you grant GEEEU a perpetual, irrevocable, royalty-free license to store, use, reproduce, adapt, distribute, and commercially exploit your content globally. This includes rights to: Modify, translate, or create derivative works; Integrate content into other media/technologies; Promote content across devices (e.g., mobile, TV, IoT); Sub-license to third parties; Enforce intellectual property rights. You agree to comply with PRC laws, including the Cybersecurity Law, Copyright Law, and Regulations on Internet Information Services. GEEEU may terminate services immediately if violations are suspected.
4.3 Service Modifications, Interruptions, or Termination
4.3.1 General Terms
Due to the nature of internet services, GEEEU may alter, suspend, or terminate services (including paid services) without liability. For paid services, prior notice will be provided.
4.3.2 Maintenance
GEEEU may perform platform maintenance, causing temporary service interruptions. No liability applies for reasonable downtime, though advance notice will be given where feasible.


4.3.3 Termination Grounds
GEEEU may terminate services without liability if you:
1) Provide false information;
2) Violate this Agreement;
3) Fail to pay fees;
4) Engage in cyberattacks, data theft, or network interference;
5) Develop/distribute hacking tools;
6) Aid illegal activities (e.g., unauthorized system access);
7) Probe/exploit platform vulnerabilities;
8) Disrupt services via malware or spam;
9) Spoof network protocols;
10) Reverse-engineer platform code;
11) Violate laws or GEEEU policies.
4.4 Additional Guidelines
Data Sharing: You authorize GEEEU to share registration/usage data with affiliates for service integration.
Content Liability: GEEEU disclaims responsibility for third-party content accuracy, safety, or legality. Use at your own risk.
Advertising: You consent to receive promotional messages via email, SMS, or in-platform notices. Opt-out options are available.
4.5 Usage Rules
4.5 When using GEEEU’s network services, users must adhere to the following principles:
4.5.1 Comply with all applicable laws and regulations of China.
4.5.2 Follow all network protocols, rules, and procedures related to GEEEU’s services.
4.5.3 Do not use the service system for any illegal purpose.
4.5.4 Do not engage in any activity that may disrupt the normal operation of the internet through GEEEU’s services.
4.5.5 Do not upload, display, or disseminate false, harassing, defamatory, abusive, threatening, vulgar, obscene, or otherwise unlawful information.
4.5.6 Do not infringe upon the patent rights, copyrights, trademarks, reputation rights, portrait rights, privacy rights, property rights, or any other legitimate rights and interests of third parties.
4.5.7 Do not use GEEEU’s network services to engage in any activity detrimental to GEEEU.
4.5.8 Immediately notify GEEEU upon discovering any unauthorized use of your account or security vulnerabilities.
4.5.9 Users downloading works from GEEEU must use them strictly within the scope of authorized licenses. Without written permission from the copyright owner or GEEEU, works are limited to personal study and exchange. Users shall not, and shall not permit or assist others, to use, rent, lend, distribute, display, copy, modify, link, reprint, compile, publish, capture, monitor, reference, or create derivative works through any means (including but not limited to bots, spiders, screenshot tools, etc.), and must comply with the Copyright Law and other relevant regulations.
4.5.10 Do not produce, publish, reproduce, access, disseminate, store, or link to the following information:
(1) Content opposing the fundamental principles established by the Constitution;
(2) Content endangering national security or disclosing state secrets;
(3) Content inciting subversion of state power, overthrowing the socialist system, or undermining national unity;
(4) Content harming national honor and interests;
(5) Content promoting terrorism or extremism;
(6) Content inciting ethnic hatred, discrimination, or undermining ethnic unity;
(7) Content inciting regional discrimination or hatred;
(8) Content violating national religious policies or promoting cults and superstitions;
(9) Fabricated or false information that disrupts economic/social order or social stability;
(10) Content disseminating violence, obscenity, pornography, gambling, murder, terror, or criminal incitement;
(11) Content infringing on minors’ rights or harming their physical/mental health;
(12) Unauthorized photography/recording infringing others’ lawful rights;
(13) Content containing terror, violence, high-risk activities, or endangering performers’/others’ health;
(14) Activities harming cybersecurity or exploiting the internet to endanger national security, honor, or interests;
(15) Content defaming or slandering others, infringing lawful rights;
(16) Violent threats, intimidation, or doxxing (unauthorized personal information searches);
(17) Content involving others’ privacy, personal information, or data;
(18) Vulgar language undermining social morality or public order;
(19) Content infringing others’ privacy, reputation,肖像权 (portrait rights), intellectual property, trade secrets, etc.;
(20) Unauthorized use of the service to promote third-party advertisements (including embedded links or ads);
(21) Excessive marketing, spam, harassing messages, vulgar content, or unsolicited ads;
(22) Content created, uploaded, or disseminated in languages other than the platform’s primary language(s);
(23) Content irrelevant to the posted material, comments, or messages;
(24) Meaningless content or intentionally obfuscated text to evade technical review;
(25) Any other information violating laws, policies, public order, or infringing user/third-party rights.
4.5.11 Do not reproduce or use unauthorized files from the internet. Without explicit consent from copyright holders, do not crack, distribute, download, or reproduce copyrighted software or engage in other intellectual property infringements.
4.5.12 Do not engage in activities jeopardizing computer network security, including:
Cracking, damaging, deleting, or modifying network services, hardware, or software;
Altering data or applications stored/transmitted in computer networks;
Using software/hardware to steal passwords or illegally access others’ computer systems;
Creating or spreading computer viruses or other destructive programs;
Any other activities harming computer network security.
4.6 You understand and agree that, to enhance service quality, GEEEU or its authorized third-party partners/advertisers may send promotional information (e.g., product ads, discounts) to your registered mobile number or email. The methods and scope may change without prior notice. If you wish to opt out, follow GEEEU’s provided unsubscribe procedures.
V. Fees
5.1 GEEEU incurs substantial costs in providing services to you and reserves the right to charge fees under its policies to cover website maintenance expenses.
5.2 Refunds
Due to the unique nature of download services, refunds will not be accepted once files are downloaded and stored on your device, except in cases where files are irreparably damaged. For unused download services, GEEEU accepts unconditional refund requests.
VI. Privacy Protection
6.1 Protecting user privacy is a fundamental policy of GEEEU. GEEEU will not disclose or provide individual user registration data or non-public content stored during service usage to third parties, except in the following circumstances:

6.1.1 Prior explicit consent from the user;
6.1.2 Legal or regulatory requirements;

6.1.3 Requests from government authorities;
6.1.4 To protect public interests;
6.2 GEEEU may collaborate with third parties to provide services. In such cases, if the third party agrees to assume privacy protection responsibilities equivalent to GEEEU’s, user registration data may be shared.
6.3 GEEEU may analyze and commercially utilize aggregated user databases without disclosing individual private data.
VII. Disclaimer
7.1 Users acknowledge that legal risks arising from using GEEEU’s services shall be borne by both parties as required by law.


7.2 GEEEU fulfills basic obligations under the law but disclaims liability for service interruptions or defects caused by force majeure or uncontrollable factors, to the extent permitted by law. Efforts will be made to mitigate user losses.
7.3 You agree that services may be interrupted or terminated due to force majeure—unforeseeable, unavoidable events such as network maintenance, system failures, power outages, strikes, natural disasters, wars, legal changes, or third-party actions. GEEEU will collaborate with relevant parties to resolve issues promptly but disclaims liability for resulting losses within legal limits.
7.4 To the extent permitted by law, GEEEU disclaims responsibility for service disruptions caused by:
(1) Computer viruses, malware, or hacker attacks;
(2) Software/hardware/communication failures on the user’s or GEEEU’s systems;



(3) User operational errors;
(4) Unauthorized use of services;
(5) Other uncontrollable or unforeseeable circumstances.
7.5 Unless explicitly stated in writing, GEEEU makes no express or implied warranties regarding the accuracy, completeness, or reliability of information, content, materials, products, or services on its platform.
VIII. Liability for Breach
8.1 If GEEEU violates applicable laws, regulations, or any terms of this Agreement, resulting in losses to users, GEEEU shall bear liability for corresponding damages.
8.2 Users agree to safeguard the interests of GEEEU and other users. If a user breaches laws, regulations, or this Agreement, causing harm to GEEEU or third parties, the user shall legally compensate for such damages.
IX. Notices
9.1 All notices from GEEEU to users under this Agreement may be delivered via website announcements, emails, or postal mail. Notices are deemed received on the date of transmission.
9.2 Notices from users to GEEEU must be sent to GEEEU’s officially published contact details (e.g., postal address, fax, email).
X. Governing Law
10.1 The execution, interpretation, and dispute resolution of this Agreement shall be governed by the laws of China and subject to the jurisdiction of Chinese courts.
10.2 Any disputes arising from this Agreement shall first be resolved through amicable negotiation. If unresolved, either party may file a lawsuit with the People’s Court where GEEEU is located.
XI. Miscellaneous

11.1 This Agreement constitutes the entire understanding between the parties, superseding all prior agreements, and grants no additional rights beyond those expressly stated herein.

11.2 If any provision of this Agreement is deemed invalid or unenforceable, the remaining provisions shall remain valid and binding.
11.3 Section headings are for convenience only and shall not affect interpretation.
11.4 Use download accounts responsibly. Accounts engaging in malicious scraping or unauthorized image downloads will be suspended. Contact customer service for inquiries.
11.5 GEEEU disclaims liability for losses caused by using software obtained from unauthorized third parties.
11.6 You acknowledge risks such as exposure to harmful, defamatory, or illegal content from anonymous users. Exercise caution and report violations to GEEEU or authorities. GEEEU conducts routine content reviews and addresses reports but disclaims responsibility for third-party content or damages.
11.7 [Severability] If any provision is invalidated, the remainder of the Agreement shall remain enforceable.
For questions or suggestions regarding this Agreement, contact GEEEU’s customer service during business hours.
Thank you for your careful review!


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